75.080 (Petroleum products in general) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D5384-11 用过的石油产品中氯含量的标准试验方法(现场试验工具法)

Chlorinated compounds can lead to corrosion of equipment and poisoning of the catalyst. Chlorinated compounds also present a health hazard when incompletely combusted. Chlorine content of petroleum products is determined prior to their being recycled. Note 18212;Federal Regulations mandate that often the chlorine content of used oil must be determined before recycling. These test methods can be used to determine when a used petroleum product meets or exceeds requirements for total halogens measured as chloride. It is specifically designed for used oils, permitting on-site testing at remote locations by nontechnical personnel to avoid the delays of laboratory testing.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of chlorine in used oils, fuels, and related materials, including: crankcase, hydraulic, diesel, lubricating and fuel oils, and kerosene, all containing 60;25 % (mass/mass) water.1.1.1 Bromide and iodide are also titrated and reported on a molar basis as chlorine.1.2 The entire analytical sequence, including sampling, sample pretreatment, chemical reactions, extraction, and quantification, is available in kit form using predispensed and encapsulated reagents. The overall objective is to provide a simple, easy to use procedure, permitting nontechnical personnel to perform a test in or outside of the laboratory environment in under 10 min. The test method also gives information to run the test without a kit.1.2.1 Test Method A is preset to provide a greater than or less than result at 1000 mg/kg (ppm) total chlorine to meet regulatory requirements for used oils.1.2.2 Test Method B provides results over a range from 200 to 4000 mg/kg total chlorine.1.3 For both test methods, positive bias will result from samples that contain greater than 3 % (mass/mass) total sulfur. While a false negative result will not occur, other analytical methods should be used on high sulfur oils.1.4 Test Method B, Lower Limit of Quantitation8212;In the round-robin study to develop statistics for this test method, participants were asked to report results to the nearest 100 mg/kg. The lower limit of quantification could therefore only be determined to be in the range from 870 to 1180 mg/kg5.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety statements are given in Sections 3, 6, and 7.

Standard Test Methods for Chlorine in Used Petroleum Products (Field Test Kit Method)

ASTM D2622-10 波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定石油产品中硫含量的标准试验方法

This test method provides rapid and precise measurement of total sulfur in petroleum and petroleum products with a minimum of sample preparation. A typical analysis time is 1 to 2 minutes per sample. The quality of many petroleum products is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of sulfur concentration is necessary for processing purposes. There are also regulations promulgated in federal, state, and local agencies that restrict the amount of sulfur present in some fuels. This test method provides a means of determining whether the sulfur content of petroleum or a petroleum product meets specification or regulatory limits. When this test method is applied to petroleum materials with matrices significantly different from the white oil calibration materials specified in this test method, the cautions and recommendations in Section 5 should be observed when interpreting results. Note 28212;The equipment specified for Test Method D2622 tends to be more expensive than that required for alternative test methods, such as Test Method D4294. Consult the Index to ASTM Standards for alternative test methods.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total sulfur in petroleum and petroleum products that are single-phase and either liquid at ambient conditions, liquefiable with moderate heat, or soluble in hydrocarbon solvents. These materials can include diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosene, other distillate oil, naphtha, residual oil, lubricating base oil, hydraulic oil, crude oil, unleaded gasoline, gasohol and biodiesel. 1.2 The range of this test method is between the PLOQ value (calculated by procedures consistent with Practice D6259) of 3 mg/kg total sulfur and the highest level sample in the round robin, 4.6 wt. % total sulfur. Note 18212;Instrumentation covered by this test method can vary in sensitivity. The applicability of the test method at sulfur concentrations below 3 mg/kg may be determined on an individual basis for WDXRF instruments capable of measuring lower levels, but precision in this test method does not apply. 1.2.1 The values of the limit of quantitation (LOQ) and method precision for a specific laboratory’s instrument depends on instrument source power (low or high power), sample type, and the practices established by the laboratory to perform the method. 1.3 Samples containing more than 4.6 mass % sulfur should be diluted to bring the sulfur concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method. Samples that are diluted can have higher errors than indicated in Section 14 than non-diluted samples. 1.4 Volatile samples (such as high vapor pressure gasolines or light hydrocarbons) may not meet the stated precision because of selective loss of light materials during the analysis. 1.5 A fundamental assumption in this test method is that the standard and sample matrices are well matched, or that the matrix differences are accounted for (see 12.2). Matrix mismatch can be caused by C/H ratio differences between samples and standards or by the presence of other interfering heteroatoms or species (see Table 1). 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices a......

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

ASTM D2269-10(2015) 紫外线吸收法评定白色矿物油的标准试验方法

5.1 The ultraviolet absorption of white mineral oils is used to determine their suitability for use in food, drug, and cosmetic applications. 5.2 The U.S. Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary specifications for mineral oil require the measurement of ultraviolet absorption. 1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the examination and evaluation of NF and USP grade white mineral oils. 1.2 This test method is not applicable to oils containing additives soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) that exhibit fluorescence or fluorescence quenching properties. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1.1 – 7.1.3.

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of White Mineral Oils by Ultraviolet Absorption

ASTM D4294-10 能量散射X射线荧光光谱法测定石油和石油产品中的硫含量的标准试验方法

This test method provides rapid and precise measurement of total sulfur in petroleum and petroleum products with a minimum of sample preparation. A typical analysis time is 1 to 5 min per sample. The quality of many petroleum products is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of sulfur concentration is necessary for processing purposes. There are also regulations promulgated in federal, state, and local agencies that restrict the amount of sulfur present in some fuels. This test method provides a means of determining whether the sulfur content of petroleum or a petroleum product meets specification or regulatory limits. When this test method is applied to petroleum materials with matrices significantly different from the calibration materials specified in 9.1, the cautions and recommendations in Section 5 should be observed when interpreting results.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total sulfur in petroleum and petroleum products that are single-phase and either liquid at ambient conditions, liquefiable with moderate heat, or soluble in hydrocarbon solvents. These materials can include diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosine, other distillate oil, naphtha, residual oil, lubricating base oil, hydraulic oil, crude oil, unleaded gasoline, gasohol, biodiesel (see Note 2), and similar petroleum products. Note 18212;Oxygenated fuels with ethanol or methanol contents exceeding the limits given in Table 1 can be dealt with using this test method, but the precision and bias statements do not apply (see Appendix X3). Note 28212;For samples with high oxygen contents (>3 wt %) sample dilution as described in 1.3 or matrix matching must be performed to assure accurate results. 1.2 Interlaboratory studies on precision revealed the scope to be 17 mg/kg to 4.6 mass %. An estimate of this test method’s pooled limit of quantitation (PLOQ) is 16.0 mg/kg as calculated by the procedures in Practice D6259. However, because instrumentation covered by this test method can vary in sensitivity, the applicability of the test method at sulfur concentrations below approximately 20 mg/kg must be determined on an individual basis. An estimate of the limit of detection is three times the reproducibility standard deviation, and an estimate of the limit of quantitation is ten times the reproducibility standard deviation. 1.3 Samples containing more than 4.6 mass % sulfur can be diluted to bring the sulfur concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method. Samples that are diluted can have higher errors than indicated in Section 16 than non-diluted samples. 1.4 Volatile samples (such as high vapor pressure gasolines or light hydrocarbons) may not meet the stated precision because of selective loss of light materials during the analysis. 1.5 A fundamental assumption in this test method is that the standard and sample matrices are well matched, or that the matrix differences are accounted for (see 5.2). Matrix mismatch can be caused by C/H ratio differences between samples and standards (see Section 5) or by the presence of other heteroatoms. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to......

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

ASTM D6045-09 自动原色法对石油产品颜色的标准试验方法

Determination of the color of petroleum products is used mainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an important quality characteristic because color is readily observed by the user of the product. In some cases the color may serve as an indication of the degree of refinement of the material. When the color range of a particular product is known, a variation outside the established range may indicate possible contamination with another product. However, color is not always a reliable guide to product quality and should not be used indiscriminately in product specifications.1.1 This test method covers the automatic determination of color of a wide variety of petroleum products such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuels, naphthas, kerosine, pharmaceutical white oils, diesel fuel oils, heating oils, and lubricating oils by the automatic tristimulus method. This test method correlates to Test Method D156 and Test Method D1500 as calculated by the instrumentation. Note 18212;With the appropriate sample handling, this test method would apply to petroleum waxes, but they were not used in the round robin, and the precision of this test method with regard to waxes is unknown. 1.2 This test method reports results in terms of Test Method D156 or Test Method D1500. 1.3 This test method has a one-to-one correlation for the entire range of Test Method D1500 ASTM Color and for the range from 0 to +30 for Test Method D156 Saybolt color. 1.4 This test method does not apply to solid samples, petroleum products containing dye, and petroleum products having extreme fluorescence. 1.5 This test method does not apply to cloudy samples. Such samples shall be filtered so they are clear before measuring. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by the Automatic Tristimulus Method

ASTM D664-09a 电位滴定法测定石油产品酸值的标准试验方法

New and used petroleum products, biodiesel and blends of biodiesel may contain acidic constituents that are present as additives or as degradation products formed during service, such as oxidation products. The relative amount of these materials can be determined by titrating with bases. The acid number is a measure of this amount of acidic substance in the oil, always under the conditions of the test. The acid number is used as a guide in the quality control of lubricating oil formulations. It is also sometimes used as a measure of lubricant degradation in service. Any condemning limits must be empirically established. Since a variety of oxidation products contribute to the acid number and the organic acids vary widely in corrosion properties, the test method cannot be used to predict corrosiveness of oil or biodiesel and blends under service conditions. No general correlation is known between acid number and the corrosive tendency of biodiesel and blends or oils toward metals.1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of acidic constituents in petroleum products, lubricants, biodiesel and blends of biodiesel. 1.1.1 Test Method A8212;For petroleum products and lubricants soluble or nearly soluble in mixtures of toluene and propan-2-ol. It is applicable for the determination of acids whose dissociation constants in water are larger than 10-9; extremely weak acids whose dissociation constants are smaller than 10-9 do not interfere. Salts react if their hydrolysis constants are larger than 10-9. The range of acid numbers included in the precision statement is 0.1 mg/g KOH to 150 mg/g KOH. 1.1.2 Test Method B8212;Developed specifically for biodiesel and biodiesel blends with low acidity and slightly different solubility. This test method requires the use of an automatic titrator with automatic endpoint seeking capability. Note 18212;In new and used oils, the constituents that may be considered to have acidic characteristics include organic and inorganic acids, esters, phenolic compounds, lactones, resins, salts of heavy metals, salts of ammonia and other weak bases, acid salts of polybasic acids, and addition agents such as inhibitors and detergents. 1.2 The test method may be used to indicate relative changes that occur in oil during use under oxidizing conditions regardless of the color or other properties of the resulting oil. Although the titration is made under definite equilibrium conditions, the test method is not intended to measure an absolute acidic property that can be used to predict performance of oil under service conditions. No general relationship between bearing corrosion and acid number is known. Note 28212;The acid number obtained by this standard may or may not be numerically the same as that obtained in accordance with Test Methods D974 and D3339. There has not been any attempt to correlate this method with other non-titration methods. Note 38212;A few laboratories have made the observation that there is a difference in Test Method D664 results when aqueous versus nonaqueous buffers are used. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,......

Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration

ASTM D1747-09 粘性材料折射指数的标准试验方法

Refractive index is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize pure hydrocarbons and their mixtures. The use of refractive index in correlative methods for the determination of the gross composition of viscous oils and waxes often requires its measurement at elevated temperatures.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of refractive indexes, accurate to two units in the fourth decimal place, of transparent and light-colored viscous hydrocarbon liquids and melted solids that have refractive indexes in the range between 1.33 and 1.60, and at temperatures from 80 to 100°C. Temperatures lower than 80°C can be used provided that the melting point of the sample is at least 10°C below the test temperature. 1.2 This test method is not applicable, within the accuracy stated, to liquids having colors darker than ASTM Color No. 4, ASTM color as determined by Test Method D1500, to liquids which smoke or vaporize readily at the test temperature, or to solids melting within 10°C of the test temperature. Note 18212;The instrument can be successfully used for refractive indices above 1.60; but since certified liquid standards for ranges above 1.60 are not yet available, the accuracy of measurement under these conditions has not been evaluated. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Refractive Index of Viscous Materials

ASTM D341-09 液态石油产品粘度.温度图的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers kinematic viscosity-temperature charts (see Figs. 1 and 2), which are a convenient means to ascertain the kinematic viscosity of a petroleum oil or liquid hydrocarbon at any temperature within a limited range, provided that the kinematic viscosities at two temperatures are known. 1.2 The charts are designed to permit petroleum oil kinematic viscosity-temperature data to plot as a straight line. The charts here presented provide a significant improvement in linearity over the charts previously available under Method D341–43. This increases the reliability of extrapolation to higher temperatures. 1.3 The values provided in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.

Standard Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum Products

ASTM D7453-09(2015) 工艺流分析仪分析和工艺流分析仪系统验证用石油产品取样的标准实施规程

5.1 Analyzer systems require representative samples of petroleum products delivered in a timely manner to (1) facilitate the control of process or blending units or (2) calculate a flow proportioned property value. 5.2 Representative samples of petroleum products are required for the determination of chemical and physical properties. These properties are used to establish the relationship between the analyzer system and the primary test method during initial and ongoing validation of the system. 5.3 Representative samples of petroleum products are tested to determine the chemical and physical properties of a batch offered for tender. 1.1 This practice covers the performance requirements for sample systems employed to deliver process stream samples (1) to analyzer system for analyses or (2) for analyzer validation or (3) for composite sample systems. It also outlines the selection and operation of line or batch sampling equipment intended for analyzer flow proportioned average property value system validation. Sample handling, mixing, and conditioning procedures are required to ensure that a representative sample of the liquid petroleum product is collected from the sampling source. 1.2 Applicable Fluids—This practice is applicable to single liquid phase petroleum products whose vapor pressure at sampling and sample storage conditions is less than or equal to 1108201;kPa (16.08201;psi), and, with a D86 final boiling point less than or equal to 4008201;°C (7528201;°F). 1.2.1 Specialized sample handling may be necessary to maintain sample integrity of more volatile materials at high temperatures or extended residence time in the receiver. Such handling requirements are not within the scope of this practice. Users should consult the analytical methods to be performed on the sample for special sample storage or conditioning requirements. 1.3 Some or all of the processes outlined in this practice may be applicable to other liquids. Applying this practice to other liquids will require the consideration of additional methods and practices. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to identify any and all applicable safety and sampling considerations and establish appropriate procedures to handle these additional considerations. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to estab......

Standard Practice for Sampling of Petroleum Products for Analysis by Process Stream Analyzers and for Process Stream Analyzer System Validation

ASTM D341-09(2015) 热固性化合物在线挤压模注试样的标准操作规程

1.1 This practice covers kinematic viscosity-temperature charts (see Figs. 1 and 2), which are a convenient means to ascertain the kinematic viscosity of a petroleum oil or liquid hydrocarbon at any temperature within a limited range, provided that the kinematic viscosities at two temperatures are known. 1.2 The charts are designed to permit petroleum oil kinematic viscosity-temperature data to plot as a straight line. The charts here presented provide a significant improvement in linearity over the charts previously available under Method D341–43. This increases the reliability of extrapolation to higher temperatures. 1.3 The values provided in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.

Standard Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum Products

ASTM D7453-09 通过工艺流分析仪和用于过程流分析仪系统验证对石油产品取样进行分析的标准实施规程

Analyzer systems require representative samples of petroleum products delivered in a timely manner to (1) facilitate the control of process or blending units or (2) calculate a flow proportioned property value. Representative samples of petroleum products are required for the determination of chemical and physical properties. These properties are used to establish the relationship between the analyzer system and the primary test method during initial and ongoing validation of the system. Representative samples of petroleum products are tested to determine the chemical and physical properties of a batch offered for tender.1.1 This practice covers the performance requirements for sample systems employed to deliver process stream samples (1) to analyzer system for analyses or (2) for analyzer validation or (3) for composite sample systems. It also outlines the selection and operation of line or batch sampling equipment intended for analyzer flow proportioned average property value system validation. Sample handling, mixing, and conditioning procedures are required to ensure that a representative sample of the liquid petroleum product is collected from the sampling source. 1.2 Applicable Fluids8212;This practice is applicable to single liquid phase petroleum products whose vapor pressure at sampling and sample storage conditions is less than or equal to 110 kPa (16.0 psi), and, with a D 86 final boiling point less than or equal to 400°C (752°F). 1.2.1 Specialized sample handling may be necessary to maintain sample integrity of more volatile materials at high temperatures or extended residence time in the receiver. Such handling requirements are not within the scope of this practice. Users should consult the analytical methods to be performed on the sample for special sample storage or conditioning requirements. 1.3 Some or all of the processes outlined in this practice may be applicable to other liquids. Applying this practice to other liquids will require the consideration of additional methods and practices. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to identify any and all applicable safety and sampling considerations and establish appropriate procedures to handle these additional considerations. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling of Petroleum Products for Analysis by Process Stream Analyzers and for Process Stream Analyzer System Validation

ASTM D2008-09 石油产品紫外线吸收率和吸收系数的标准试验方法

The absorbance of liquids and the absorptivity of liquid and solids at specified wavelengths in the ultraviolet are useful in characterizing petroleum products.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ultraviolet absorption of a variety of petroleum products. It covers the absorbance of liquids or the absorptivity of liquids and solids, or both, at wavelengths in the region from 220 to 400 nm of the spectrum. 1.2 The use of this test method implies that the conditions of measurement—wavelength, solvent (if any), sample path length, and sample concentration—are specified by reference to one of the examples of the application of this test method in the annexes or by a statement of other conditions of measurement. 1.3 Examples of the application of this test method are the determination of the absorbance of white mineral oil, the absorptivity of refined petroleum wax, and the absorptivity of USP petrolatum. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in Fahrenheit, feet, and inches, indicated in parentheses, are for information only. 1.5 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3.1, 7.3.3, and 13.4.

Standard Test Method for Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum Products

ASTM D86-09 评价油漆沉降度的标准试验方法

The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on products and processes. The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors. The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits. Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly those used in paints. Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels containing up to 10 % ethanol, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, 1-D and 2-D diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 20 %, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels. 1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material. 1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments. 1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure

ASTM D664-09 使用弯曲束流变仪测定沥青粘结剂柔性蠕变硬度的试验方法

New and used petroleum products, biodiesel and blends of biodiesel may contain acidic constituents that are present as additives or as degradation products formed during service, such as oxidation products. The relative amount of these materials can be determined by titrating with bases. The acid number is a measure of this amount of acidic substance in the oil, always under the conditions of the test. The acid number is used as a guide in the quality control of lubricating oil formulations. It is also sometimes used as a measure of lubricant degradation in service. Any condemning limits must be empirically established. Since a variety of oxidation products contribute to the acid number and the organic acids vary widely in corrosion properties, the test method cannot be used to predict corrosiveness of oil or biodiesel and blends under service conditions. No general correlation is known between acid number and the corrosive tendency of biodiesel and blends or oils toward metals.1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of acidic constituents in petroleum products, lubricants, biodiesel and blends of biodiesel. 1.1.1 Test Method A8212;For petroleum products and lubricants soluble or nearly soluble in mixtures of toluene and propan-2-ol. It is applicable for the determination of acids whose dissociation constants in water are larger than 10-9; extremely weak acids whose dissociation constants are smaller than 10-9 do not interfere. Salts react if their hydrolysis constants are larger than 10-9. The range of acid numbers included in the precision statement is 0.1 mg/g KOH to 150 mg/g KOH. 1.1.2 Test Method B8212;Developed specifically for biodiesel and biodiesel blends with low acidity and slightly different solubility. This test method requires the use of an automatic titrator with automatic endpoint seeking capability. Note 18212;In new and used oils, the constituents that may be considered to have acidic characteristics include organic and inorganic acids, esters, phenolic compounds, lactones, resins, salts of heavy metals, salts of ammonia and other weak bases, acid salts of polybasic acids, and addition agents such as inhibitors and detergents. 1.2 The test method may be used to indicate relative changes that occur in oil during use under oxidizing conditions regardless of the color or other properties of the resulting oil. Although the titration is made under definite equilibrium conditions, the test method is not intended to measure an absolute acidic property that can be used to predict performance of oil under service conditions. No general relationship between bearing corrosion and acid number is known. Note 28212;The acid number obtained by this standard may or may not be numerically the same as that obtained in accordance with Test Methods D 974 and D 3339. There has not been any attempt to correlate this method with other non-titration methods. Note 38212;A few laboratories have made the observation that there is a difference in Test Method D 664 results when aqueous versus nonaqueous buffers are used. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practi......

Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration

ASTM D97-09 石油产品倾点的标准试验方法

The pour point of a petroleum specimen is an index of the lowest temperature of its utility for certain applications.1.1 This test method covers and is intended for use on any petroleum product. A procedure suitable for black specimens, cylinder stock, and nondistillate fuel oil is described in 8.8. The cloud point procedure formerly part of this test method now appears as Test Method D 2500. 1.2 Currently there is no ASTM test method for automated Test Method D 97 pour point measurements. 1.3 Several ASTM test methods offering alternative procedures for determining pour points using automatic apparatus are available. None of them share the same designation number as Test Method D 97. When an automatic instrument is used, the ASTM test method designation number specific to the technique shall be reported with the results. A procedure for testing the pour point of crude oils is described in Test Method D 5853. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products

ASTM D2500-09 石油产品雾化点的标准试验方法

For petroleum products and biodiesel fuels, cloud point of a petroleum product is an index of the lowest temperature of their utility for certain applications.1.1 This test method covers only petroleum products and biodiesel fuels that are transparent in layers 40 mm in thickness, and with a cloud point below 49°C. Note 18212;The interlaboratory program consisted of petroleum products of Test Method D 1500 color of 3.5 and lower. The precisions stated in this test method may not apply to samples with ASTM color higher than 3.5. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products

ASTM D4629-09 针管/入口氧化燃烧和化学发光法测定液态石油烃中痕量氮的标准试验方法

Some process catalysts used in petroleum and chemical refining may be poisoned when even trace amounts of nitrogenous materials are contained in the feedstocks. This test method can be used to determine bound nitrogen in process feeds and may also be used to control nitrogen compounds in finished products.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the trace total nitrogen naturally found in liquid hydrocarbons boiling in the range from approximately 50 to 400°C, with viscosities between approximately 0.2 and 10 cSt (mm2/s) at room temperature. This test method is applicable to naphthas, distillates, and oils containing 0.3 to 100 mg/kg total nitrogen. For liquid hydrocarbons containing more than 100 mg/kg total nitrogen, Test Method D 5762 can be more appropriate. This test method has been successfully applied, during interlaboratory studies, to sample types outside the range of the scope by dilution of the sample in an appropriate solvent to bring the total nitrogen concentration and viscosity to within the range covered by the test method. However, it is the responsibility of the analyst to verify the solubility of the sample in the solvent and that direct introduction of the diluted sample by syringe into the furnace does not cause low results due to pyrolysis of the sample or solvent in the syringe needle. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 6.2, 6.4, 6.5, 6.9, and Section 7.

Standard Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion and Chemiluminescence Detection

ASTM D242/D242M-09 沥青铺路混合料用矿物填料的标准规范

1.1 This specification covers mineral filler added as a separate ingredient for use in bituminous paving mixtures. 1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

Standard Specification for Mineral Filler For Bituminous Paving Mixtures

ASTM D86-09e1 评价油漆沉降度的标准试验方法

The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on products and processes. The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors. The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits. Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly those used in paints. Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels containing up to 10 % ethanol, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, 1-D and 2-D diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 20 %, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels. 1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material. 1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments. 1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure

ASTM D4294-08a 通过能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定石油产品中硫含量的标准试验方法

This test method provides rapid and precise measurement of total sulfur in petroleum and petroleum products with a minimum of sample preparation. A typical analysis time is 1 to 5 min per sample. The quality of many petroleum products is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of sulfur concentration is necessary for processing purposes. There are also regulations promulgated in federal, state, and local agencies that restrict the amount of sulfur present in some fuels. This test method provides a means of determining whether the sulfur content of petroleum or a petroleum product meets specification or regulatory limits. When this test method is applied to petroleum materials with matrices significantly different from the calibration materials specified in 9.1, the cautions and recommendations in Section 5 should be observed when interpreting results.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total sulfur in petroleum and petroleum products that are single-phase and either liquid at ambient conditions, liquefiable with moderate heat, or soluble in hydrocarbon solvents. These materials can include diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosine, other distillate oil, naphtha, residual oil, lubricating base oil, hydraulic oil, crude oil, unleaded gasoline, gasohol, biodiesel (see Note 2), and similar petroleum products. Note 18212;Oxygenated fuels with ethanol or methanol contents exceeding the limits given in Table 1 can be dealt with using this test method, but the precision and bias statements do not apply (see Appendix X3). Note 28212;For samples with high oxygen contents (>3 wt %) sample dilution as described in 1.3 or matrix matching must be performed to assure accurate results. 1.2 Interlaboratory studies on precision revealed the scope to be 17 mg/kg to 4.6 mass %. An estimate of this test method’s pooled limit of quantitation (PLOQ) is 17.0 mg/kg as calculated by the procedures in Practice D 6259. However, because instrumentation covered by this test method can vary in sensitivity, the applicability of the test method at sulfur concentrations below approximately 20 mg/kg must be determined on an individual basis. An estimate of the limit of detection is three times the reproducibility standard deviation, and an estimate of the limit of quantitation is ten times the reproducibility standard deviation. 1.3 Samples containing more than 4.6 mass % sulfur can be diluted to bring the sulfur concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method. Samples that are diluted can have higher errors than indicated in Section 16 than non-diluted samples. 1.4 Volatile samples (such as high vapor pressure gasolines or light hydrocarbons) may not meet the stated precision because of selective loss of light materials during the analysis. 1.5 A fundamental assumption in this test method is that the standard and sample matrices are well matched, or that the matrix differences are accounted for (see 5.2). Matrix mismatch can be caused by C/H ratio differences between samples and standards (see Section 5) or by the presence of other heteroatoms. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. TABLE 1 Concentrations of Inter......

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry